Is leishmaniasis found in the United States? military personnel have become infected in various countries, such as Iraq and Afghanistan. civilian travelers have been acquired in common tourist destinations in Latin America, such as in Costa Rica. ![]() For example, many of the cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in U.S. The cases of leishmaniasis evaluated in the United States reflect travel and immigration patterns. Overall, leishmaniasis is found in parts of approximately 90 countries. ![]() In the New World (the Western Hemisphere), leishmaniasis is found in some parts of Mexico, Central America, and South America. It is not found in Australia or the Pacific Islands. In the Old World (the Eastern Hemisphere), leishmaniasis is found in some parts of Asia, the Middle East, Africa (particularly in the tropical region and North Africa, with some cases elsewhere), and southern Europe. In what parts of the world is leishmaniasis found? For visceral leishmaniasis, the estimated number of new cases per year may have decreased to <100,000, but previous estimates ranged up to 400,000 or more cases. For cutaneous leishmaniasis, estimates of the number of new cases per year have ranged from approximately 700,000 to 1.2 million or more. The number of new cases may vary or change over time and are difficult to estimate. How common is leishmaniasis in the world? People may have low blood counts, including a low red blood cell count (anemia), a low white blood cell count (leukopenia), and a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia). People who develop clinical evidence of infection usually have fever, weight loss, enlargement (swelling) of the spleen and liver, and abnormal blood tests. Some people have a silent infection, without any symptoms or signs. What are the symptoms and signs of visceral leishmaniasis? Some people have swollen glands near the sores (for example, under the arm, if the sores are on the arm or hand). ![]() The sores usually are painless but can be painful. The sores may start out as papules (bumps) or nodules (lumps) and may end up as ulcers (like a volcano, with a raised edge and central crater) skin ulcers may be covered by scab or crust. The sores can change in size and appearance over time. People who develop clinical evidence of infection have one or more sores on their skin. What are the symptoms and signs of cutaneous leishmaniasis? The most common forms are cutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes skin sores, and visceral leishmaniasis, which affects several internal organs (usually spleen, liver, and bone marrow). There are several different forms of leishmaniasis in people. Leishmaniasis is caused by infection with Leishmania parasites, which are spread by the bite of infected sand flies. Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is found in parts of the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe.
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